Hereford

The Hereford was built in Herefordshire in western England for one purpose: turning grass into beef without much help. Red body, white face, and the white face is dominant, so a Hereford bull crossed onto anything marks his calves.

They are famously easy to handle, they hold condition on modest forage, and the cows are long-lived. The classic American commercial cross, the black baldy, is a Hereford bull on Angus cows and has been a fixture of the industry for the same reasons for a century.

They run both horned and polled.

The trade is the white face itself. Unpigmented skin around the eye burns and is associated with a higher rate of pinkeye and eye cancer, so in high-sun country pigmentation is worth selecting for, and the same white skin on the udder can sunburn.